Course Content
Microscopes and Microscopy
MICROSCOPES AND MICROSCOPY OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Name various types of microscopes. 2.State the function of parts of a microscope. 3.Describe the use of compound light microscopes describe care and maintenance of compound microscopes. 4.Describe preparation of microscope slides
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The Cell
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Define and explain meaning of terms. 2.State types of cells. 3.Describe the cell structure under the light microscope. 4.State the functions of cell organelles. 5.Describe the process of mitosis and meiosis. 6.Describe physiological processes of cells. 7.describe the techniques of cell isolation. 8.Describe the procedure of temporary cell preparation.
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Microorganisms
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to: 1.Classify the major groups of microorganisms. 2.State the general characteristics of each group. 3.Explain their mode of nutrition and reproduction. 4.Describe culture media. 5.Describe culturing techniques for bacteria. 6.Describe methods for determining bacteria population. 7.Describe sterilization and disinfection techniques.
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Immunological Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Define terms. 2.Describe types of immunity. 3.Describe types of immune cells. 4.Describe the lymphoid organs and tissues. 5.Describe serological and immunological techniques.
0/8
Herbarium Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain terms 2.Describe importance of collecting and preserving herbarium specimens 3.Describe sources of herbarium specimens 4.Describe collection of herbarium specimens 5.Describe preservation of herbarium specimens 6.Describe display of herbarium specimens
0/8
Museum Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain terms. 2.Describe importance of collecting and preserving museum specimens. 3.Describe sources of museum specimens. 4.Describe collection of museum specimens. 5.Describe preservation of museum specimens. 6.Describe display of museum specimens
0/5
Vivarium Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain terms. 2.Describe importance of vivarium. 3.Describe essential features of a vivarium. 4.Describe construction of a vivarium. 5.Describe maintenance of a vivarium.
0/4
Aquarium Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain terms. 2.Describe importance of aquariums. 3.Describe essential features of an aquarium tank. 4.Describe construction of an aquarium tank. 5.Describe maintenance of an aquarium tank.
0/4
Laboratory Animals
OBJECTIVES The objective of this chapter is to give a better understanding of the technical requirements regarding handling, care and maintained of various laboratory animals In this chapter, we will; 1. Identify the various types of laboratory animals. 2.Discuss the general care and handling of laboratory animals. 3. Describe the various methods of restraining and humane killing laboratory animals 4.Discuss care of specific disease free (SPF)and Gnotobiotic animals
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Introduction to Ecology
OBJECTIVE By the end of this module, the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain terms. 2.Describe biotic and abiotic factors. 3.Explain adaptation of organisms to terrestrial and aquatic environment. 4.Describe the energy flow in ecosystem. 5.Explain estimation of population in ecosystem. 6.Describe influence of human activities on environment. 7.Describe basic biogeochemical cycles.
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Plant Anatomy and Physiology
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Describe of plant parts and tissues. 2.Describe functions of various plant tissues. 3.Describe processes in plants .
0/9
Biology Techniques For Science Laboratory Technicians
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Structural Composition of Lipids 

Lipids have a diverse range of structural compositions, but they all share the common characteristic of being hydrophobic or insoluble in water. The structural composition of lipids can vary depending on the specific type of lipid. Here are the main components of some common types of lipids:

  1. Fatty Acids:

  • Fatty acids are the building blocks of many lipids. They consist of a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group (COOH) at one end. The hydrocarbon chain can be saturated (no double bonds) or unsaturated (one or more double bonds).
  • The length of the hydrocarbon chain can vary, typically ranging from 4 to 24 carbon atoms.

2. Triglycerides (Triacylglycerols):

    • Triglycerides are the most common form of dietary fat and the primary storage form of energy in animals.
    • They are composed of three fatty acid molecules that are esterified to a glycerol molecule.
    • The fatty acids can be of different lengths and may be saturated or unsaturated.

      3. Phospholipids:

      • Phospholipids are a major component of cell membranes.
      • They consist of a glycerol molecule esterified to two fatty acids and a phosphate group.
      • The phosphate group is further attached to another molecule, such as choline or serine, giving rise to different types of phospholipids.
      • The hydrophilic (water-loving) head of phospholipids is formed by the phosphate group and its attached molecule, while the hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails are the fatty acid chains.

        4. Steroids:

        • Steroids have a specific four-ring structure and play various roles in the body, including hormone regulation and as components of cell membranes.
        • Cholesterol is a common steroid and a crucial component of cell membranes. It has a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to one end of the steroid structure.

          5. Waxes:

          • Waxes are composed of long-chain fatty acids esterified to long-chain alcohols.
          • The fatty acid chains and the alcohol chains can vary in length, but they are typically longer than those found in triglycerides.

      Lipids can have additional modifications and variations in their structure depending on their specific function and the organisms they are found in. The structural diversity of lipids allows them to perform a wide range of biological functions in cells and organisms.

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