Course Content
Microscopes and Microscopy
MICROSCOPES AND MICROSCOPY OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Name various types of microscopes. 2.State the function of parts of a microscope. 3.Describe the use of compound light microscopes describe care and maintenance of compound microscopes. 4.Describe preparation of microscope slides
0/5
Introduction to Microscopes and Microscopy Techniques
Types of Microscopes
The Optical(Light) Microscope
Magnifications and Resolving Power of Microscopes
Use and Care of Microscopes
The Cell
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Define and explain meaning of terms. 2.State types of cells. 3.Describe the cell structure under the light microscope. 4.State the functions of cell organelles. 5.Describe the process of mitosis and meiosis. 6.Describe physiological processes of cells. 7.describe the techniques of cell isolation. 8.Describe the procedure of temporary cell preparation.
0/11
INTRODUCTION
The Cell Structure
The Cell Functions
Cell Division
The Cell Cycle
Mitosis
Meiosis
Similarities and Differences between Mitosis and Meiosis
Microscope Slides
Microscope Slides Preparartion
Tissue Preparation For Microscpy
Microorganisms
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to: 1.Classify the major groups of microorganisms. 2.State the general characteristics of each group. 3.Explain their mode of nutrition and reproduction. 4.Describe culture media. 5.Describe culturing techniques for bacteria. 6.Describe methods for determining bacteria population. 7.Describe sterilization and disinfection techniques.
0/23
INTRODUCTION
Classification of Microorganisms
Bacteria
Classification of Bacteria
Nutrition in Bacteria
Reproduction in Bacteria
Economic Importance of Bacteria
Fungi
Classification of Fungi
Nutrition in Fungi
Reproduction In Fungi
Economic Importance of Fungi
Virus
Classification of Virus
Reproduction in Virus
Economic Importance of Virus
Culture Media
Preparation of Culture Media
Culture Methods
Culture Techniques
Microbiological Stains and Staining Techniques
Microbiological Staining Techniques
Sterilization
Chemicals of Life
THE CHEMICALS OF LIFE OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain meaning of terms. 2.Describe chemical substances found in living organisms. 3.Describe the functions of substances found in living organisms. 4.Describe enzymes. 5.Carry out food tests.
0/20
INTRODUCTION
Carbohydrates
Structural composition of Carbohydrates
Chemical Tests for Carbohydrates
Lipids
Structural composition of Lipids
Saturated and Unsaturated fats
Tests for Lipids
Proteins
Structural composition of Proteins
Protein Denaturation
Properties of Proteins
Test for Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Vitamins
Enzymes
Classification of Enzymes
Mechanisms of Enzyme Action
Factors Affecting Enzyme Activities
Enzyme Inhibition
Immunological Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Define terms. 2.Describe types of immunity. 3.Describe types of immune cells. 4.Describe the lymphoid organs and tissues. 5.Describe serological and immunological techniques.
0/8
INTRODUCTION
Types of Immunity
Lymphocytes and Lymphatic System
The White Blood Cells  (Leucocytes )
Lymphoid Organs ,Tissues and Immune Cells
Immunoglobulins
Antigens
Immunological Techniques
Herbarium Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain terms 2.Describe importance of collecting and preserving herbarium specimens 3.Describe sources of herbarium specimens 4.Describe collection of herbarium specimens 5.Describe preservation of herbarium specimens 6.Describe display of herbarium specimens
0/8
Introduction
Collection of Plant Specimens
Collecting techniques
Preservation Techniques
Processing of Specimens
Storage of Specimens
Pests In The Herbarium
Green House and Botanical Garden
Museum Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain terms. 2.Describe importance of collecting and preserving museum specimens. 3.Describe sources of museum specimens. 4.Describe collection of museum specimens. 5.Describe preservation of museum specimens. 6.Describe display of museum specimens
0/5
INTRODUCTION
Collection of Museum Specimens
Preservation of Museum Specimens
Preservation of other animals specimens
Labeling of museum specimens
Vivarium Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain terms. 2.Describe importance of vivarium. 3.Describe essential features of a vivarium. 4.Describe construction of a vivarium. 5.Describe maintenance of a vivarium.
0/4
Introduction
Setting Up A vivarium
Ecological Requirements
Care and Handling
Aquarium Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain terms. 2.Describe importance of aquariums. 3.Describe essential features of an aquarium tank. 4.Describe construction of an aquarium tank. 5.Describe maintenance of an aquarium tank.
0/4
Introduction
Setting up an Aquarium
Basic Physical and Ecological requirements
Feeding and General care of Aquarium
Laboratory Animals
OBJECTIVES The objective of this chapter is to give a better understanding of the technical requirements regarding handling, care and maintained of various laboratory animals In this chapter, we will; 1. Identify the various types of laboratory animals. 2.Discuss the general care and handling of laboratory animals. 3. Describe the various methods of restraining and humane killing laboratory animals 4.Discuss care of specific disease free (SPF)and Gnotobiotic animals
0/14
Introduction
General Care of Laboratory Animals
Laboratory Animal House
Feeding of Laboratory Animals
Disease and Disease control in Laboratory animals
Sexing of Laboratory Animals
Identification of Laboratory Animals
Dosing of Laboratory animals
Drawing blood from Lab animals
Administering anesthesia to laboratory animals
Humane Killing of Laboratory Animals
Dissecting Laboratory Animals
Conventional and Specific Pathogen free animals
Gnotobiotic Animals
Introduction to Ecology
OBJECTIVE By the end of this module, the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain terms. 2.Describe biotic and abiotic factors. 3.Explain adaptation of organisms to terrestrial and aquatic environment. 4.Describe the energy flow in ecosystem. 5.Explain estimation of population in ecosystem. 6.Describe influence of human activities on environment. 7.Describe basic biogeochemical cycles.
0/12
Introduction
The Biosphere and Biomes
The Ecosystem
Energy Flow
Estimation of Population size
Nutrient Flow in Ecosystem
Water cycle
Carbon Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
Sulfur Cycle
Phosphorous Cycle
Ecological succession
Plant Anatomy and Physiology
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Describe of plant parts and tissues. 2.Describe functions of various plant tissues. 3.Describe processes in plants .
0/9
INTRODUCTION
Plant Vascular Tissues
Plant Leaf Structure
Transport of substances into and out of the leaf 
Nutrition in Plants
Transpiration in Plants
Translocation in plants
Reproduction in Plants
Excretion in Plants
Animal Anatomy and Physiology
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Describe of animal parts and tissues. 2.Describe functions of various animal tissues and organs. 3.Describe physiological processes in animals .
0/30
Nutrition In Animals
Types of Nutrition  in Animals
Digestion in Humans
Digestion in Ruminants
Respiration in Animals
Modes of Gaseous Exchange in Animals
Mammalian Respiratory System
Excretion in Animals
Excretion in Higher Animals
Excretory System in Man:
Transport In Animals
Circulatory systems in animals
Human circulatory systems 
The cardiac cycle 
The Blood Vessels
Lymphatic circulatory system
Cardiovascular diseases 
Support and Locomotion system in Animals
Exoskeleton and Endoskeleton
Human Skeleton
The Bones 
Musculoskeletal tissues 
The Nervous System
The Nerve Tissue
Organization of the Nervous System
Reproductive system in Animals
Male Reproductive System
Female Reproductive System
The Endocrine System
Endocrine Glands & Their Hormones
Biology Techniques For Science Laboratory Technicians
About Lesson

Views: 3

Culture Media

Culture media, also known as growth media or nutrient media, are specially formulated substances used to support the growth, proliferation, and study of microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses) and cells in a laboratory setting. These media provide essential nutrients, energy sources, and other growth-promoting factors necessary for the organisms to grow and survive. Culture media can be categorized into two main types:

  1. Solid Media: Solid media are used to grow microorganisms and cells as colonies or discrete units. They typically contain solidifying agents, such as agar, which solidifies the media while remaining inert to most microorganisms. Solid media allow for the isolation and identification of individual colonies and are commonly used for streaking, isolating pure cultures, and performing various microbiological tests. Examples of solid media include nutrient agar, MacConkey agar, and blood agar.

  2. Liquid Media: Liquid media are used when a larger quantity of microorganisms or cells is needed or when the growth characteristics of the organism are being studied. Liquid media are usually in a broth form and are commonly used for the propagation of cultures, performing growth experiments, and conducting biochemical tests. They are often used in shake flasks, bioreactors, or other containers with adequate aeration and mixing. Examples of liquid media include nutrient broth, tryptic soy broth, and Sabouraud broth for fungal cultures.

Culture media can be classified into various types based on their composition, purpose, and specific applications. Here are some common types of culture media:

  1. Complex Media: Complex media are nutrient-rich media that contain various complex components of unknown chemical composition, such as beef extract, peptone, or yeast extract. These media can support the growth of a wide range of microorganisms by providing a diverse array of nutrients.

  • Defined Media: Defined media have a precisely known composition, with individual components and their concentrations specified. These media are often used for studying specific metabolic pathways, nutritional requirements, or for the growth of organisms with specific nutritional needs.

  • Selective Media: Selective media contain specific components that selectively inhibit the growth of certain microorganisms while allowing the growth of desired organisms. These media are commonly used for the isolation and identification of specific bacterial or fungal species from mixed cultures. Examples include MacConkey agar (selective for gram-negative bacteria) and Sabouraud dextrose agar (selective for fungi).

  • Differential Media: Differential media contain specific components that allow the differentiation of different types of microorganisms based on their metabolic or biochemical characteristics. These media often include indicators such as dyes or pH indicators that produce visible color changes or other observable reactions. Examples include blood agar (used to differentiate hemolytic bacteria) and mannitol salt agar (used to differentiate staphylococci based on their ability to ferment mannitol).

  • Enriched Media: Enriched media are formulated to provide additional nutrients that support the growth of fastidious microorganisms, which have specific nutritional requirements. They contain extra growth factors, such as blood components, serum, or special additives, to enhance the growth of these organisms. Examples include blood agar, chocolate agar, and Thayer-Martin agar.

  • Enrichment Media: Enrichment media are designed to selectively enrich the growth of certain microorganisms by providing specific growth factors or nutrients that are lacking in other media. These media are commonly used when the target organism is present in low numbers or is difficult to isolate. Examples include Selenite broth (used for the enrichment of Salmonella) and Thayer-Martin agar (used for the enrichment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae).

  • Basal Media: Basal media are the basic or general-purpose media that provide essential nutrients for the growth of a wide range of microorganisms. They contain a mixture of organic and inorganic compounds, vitamins, and energy sources. Examples include nutrient agar and nutrient broth.

  • Transport Media: Transport media are used to maintain the viability and prevent the overgrowth or death of microorganisms during transportation from one location to another. They often contain buffering agents to maintain pH, antimicrobial agents to inhibit bacterial growth, and cryoprotectants for the preservation of samples. Examples include Stuart’s transport medium and Amies transport medium.

  • Synthetic or Defined Media: Synthetic or defined media have precisely known compositions with individual components and their specific concentrations specified. They are often used for studying the specific nutritional requirements, metabolic pathways, or growth characteristics of microorganisms. Synthetic media allow for precise control and reproducibility of experimental conditions.

  • Anaerobic Media: Anaerobic media are used for the cultivation of anaerobic microorganisms that require oxygen-free conditions for growth. These media are typically prepared in oxygen-free environments and may contain reducing agents to remove oxygen and create anaerobic conditions.

  • Specialized Media: Specialized media are designed for the growth of specific types of microorganisms or for specific purposes. Examples include Sabouraud agar for fungal cultures, Lowenstein-Jensen medium for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Luria-Bertani (LB) broth for the growth of Escherichia coli.

The choice of culture media depends on the specific requirements of the microorganism or cells being cultured, the purpose of the study, and the desired outcomes. It is important to select the appropriate media to ensure optimal growth, viability, and the ability to obtain accurate results for the intended applications.

The selection of the appropriate culture media depends on the type of microorganism or cells being cultured, the specific requirements of the experiment or study, and the goals of the researcher.

Join the conversation
Previous
Next

You cannot copy content of this page