Course Content
Microscopes and Microscopy
MICROSCOPES AND MICROSCOPY OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Name various types of microscopes. 2.State the function of parts of a microscope. 3.Describe the use of compound light microscopes describe care and maintenance of compound microscopes. 4.Describe preparation of microscope slides
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The Cell
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Define and explain meaning of terms. 2.State types of cells. 3.Describe the cell structure under the light microscope. 4.State the functions of cell organelles. 5.Describe the process of mitosis and meiosis. 6.Describe physiological processes of cells. 7.describe the techniques of cell isolation. 8.Describe the procedure of temporary cell preparation.
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Microorganisms
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to: 1.Classify the major groups of microorganisms. 2.State the general characteristics of each group. 3.Explain their mode of nutrition and reproduction. 4.Describe culture media. 5.Describe culturing techniques for bacteria. 6.Describe methods for determining bacteria population. 7.Describe sterilization and disinfection techniques.
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Immunological Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Define terms. 2.Describe types of immunity. 3.Describe types of immune cells. 4.Describe the lymphoid organs and tissues. 5.Describe serological and immunological techniques.
0/8
Herbarium Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain terms 2.Describe importance of collecting and preserving herbarium specimens 3.Describe sources of herbarium specimens 4.Describe collection of herbarium specimens 5.Describe preservation of herbarium specimens 6.Describe display of herbarium specimens
0/8
Museum Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain terms. 2.Describe importance of collecting and preserving museum specimens. 3.Describe sources of museum specimens. 4.Describe collection of museum specimens. 5.Describe preservation of museum specimens. 6.Describe display of museum specimens
0/5
Vivarium Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain terms. 2.Describe importance of vivarium. 3.Describe essential features of a vivarium. 4.Describe construction of a vivarium. 5.Describe maintenance of a vivarium.
0/4
Aquarium Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain terms. 2.Describe importance of aquariums. 3.Describe essential features of an aquarium tank. 4.Describe construction of an aquarium tank. 5.Describe maintenance of an aquarium tank.
0/4
Laboratory Animals
OBJECTIVES The objective of this chapter is to give a better understanding of the technical requirements regarding handling, care and maintained of various laboratory animals In this chapter, we will; 1. Identify the various types of laboratory animals. 2.Discuss the general care and handling of laboratory animals. 3. Describe the various methods of restraining and humane killing laboratory animals 4.Discuss care of specific disease free (SPF)and Gnotobiotic animals
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Introduction to Ecology
OBJECTIVE By the end of this module, the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain terms. 2.Describe biotic and abiotic factors. 3.Explain adaptation of organisms to terrestrial and aquatic environment. 4.Describe the energy flow in ecosystem. 5.Explain estimation of population in ecosystem. 6.Describe influence of human activities on environment. 7.Describe basic biogeochemical cycles.
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Plant Anatomy and Physiology
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Describe of plant parts and tissues. 2.Describe functions of various plant tissues. 3.Describe processes in plants .
0/9
Biology Techniques For Science Laboratory Technicians
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Pests In The Herbarium

 Insects  are  the chief agents of  herbarium destruction .they include beetles , book lice , silver fish , ants .

Fungi is also a pest  but does not destroy dry specimens

 Insects and fungi can be kept  out of  herbarium  by keeping the specimens dry  on a well fitting cupboard

CONTROL OF PEST IN HERBARIUM Paradichlorobenzene (PCB) should be scattered among the specimens . PCB  sublimes  slowly  producing vapour , these affects noxious insects  and are repellant  to insects but

     harmless to humans .

 PCB eventually disappears  and leaves residues  to the specimen which gives protection to the specimen for as long as 6 months .it is sometimes referred to as  moth balls .

 Insects can also be killed by dip freezing , fumigation using  methylene bromine  can also be used but also several conditions  should be considered  before using fumigation  because  ;

(a) Gas used is deadly /poisonous

(b) Pest control firms  should be consulted first

Mercuric chloride can also be used as a preservative especially for specimens to be mounted  ( they provide a long lasting solution) . It is prepared as a  solution in alcohol . The composition of these solution is as follows

                  – Mercury chloride -500g

                  –  Phenol – 250

                  –  95% Ethanol -20l

 Mercury chloride dissolves easily. Phenol crystals are melted with gentle heat  before storing them  in tightly stoppered bottles .

 These solution is applied with a  soft brush  to the mounted specimen  which are then left to dry

 Care must be taken so that the fluid must not reach the labels  

 These treatment kills all insect  and their  eggs present  in the specimen and leaves  residue solution for severally days .  However it sublimes slowly  and specimens may become attacked  , therefore repeated treatment is necessary

NB  LPCP can be used as a substitute for mercuric chloride . It is less poisonous to man  but evidence shows that  they accumulate in mans tissues  

 – Silver fish is another pest that attack labels  on herbarium specimens . It can be controlled by use of sodium fluorosilicate  bait which is applied on  labels . it is however dangerous to human health.


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