Course Content
Microscopes and Microscopy
MICROSCOPES AND MICROSCOPY OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Name various types of microscopes. 2.State the function of parts of a microscope. 3.Describe the use of compound light microscopes describe care and maintenance of compound microscopes. 4.Describe preparation of microscope slides
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The Cell
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Define and explain meaning of terms. 2.State types of cells. 3.Describe the cell structure under the light microscope. 4.State the functions of cell organelles. 5.Describe the process of mitosis and meiosis. 6.Describe physiological processes of cells. 7.describe the techniques of cell isolation. 8.Describe the procedure of temporary cell preparation.
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Microorganisms
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to: 1.Classify the major groups of microorganisms. 2.State the general characteristics of each group. 3.Explain their mode of nutrition and reproduction. 4.Describe culture media. 5.Describe culturing techniques for bacteria. 6.Describe methods for determining bacteria population. 7.Describe sterilization and disinfection techniques.
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Immunological Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Define terms. 2.Describe types of immunity. 3.Describe types of immune cells. 4.Describe the lymphoid organs and tissues. 5.Describe serological and immunological techniques.
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Herbarium Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain terms 2.Describe importance of collecting and preserving herbarium specimens 3.Describe sources of herbarium specimens 4.Describe collection of herbarium specimens 5.Describe preservation of herbarium specimens 6.Describe display of herbarium specimens
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Museum Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain terms. 2.Describe importance of collecting and preserving museum specimens. 3.Describe sources of museum specimens. 4.Describe collection of museum specimens. 5.Describe preservation of museum specimens. 6.Describe display of museum specimens
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Vivarium Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain terms. 2.Describe importance of vivarium. 3.Describe essential features of a vivarium. 4.Describe construction of a vivarium. 5.Describe maintenance of a vivarium.
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Aquarium Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain terms. 2.Describe importance of aquariums. 3.Describe essential features of an aquarium tank. 4.Describe construction of an aquarium tank. 5.Describe maintenance of an aquarium tank.
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Laboratory Animals
OBJECTIVES The objective of this chapter is to give a better understanding of the technical requirements regarding handling, care and maintained of various laboratory animals In this chapter, we will; 1. Identify the various types of laboratory animals. 2.Discuss the general care and handling of laboratory animals. 3. Describe the various methods of restraining and humane killing laboratory animals 4.Discuss care of specific disease free (SPF)and Gnotobiotic animals
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Introduction to Ecology
OBJECTIVE By the end of this module, the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain terms. 2.Describe biotic and abiotic factors. 3.Explain adaptation of organisms to terrestrial and aquatic environment. 4.Describe the energy flow in ecosystem. 5.Explain estimation of population in ecosystem. 6.Describe influence of human activities on environment. 7.Describe basic biogeochemical cycles.
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Plant Anatomy and Physiology
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Describe of plant parts and tissues. 2.Describe functions of various plant tissues. 3.Describe processes in plants .
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Biology Techniques For Science Laboratory Technicians
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Summery of the Comparison of Mitosis and Meiosis

MITOSIS

MEIOSIS

Occurs in somatic cells

Occurs in reproductive cells resulting in formation of gametes or spores

Number of chromosomes remain constant after every division

The number of chromosomes is reduced to half after division

Has a single division of the chromosomes and nuclear

A single division of the chromosome but a double division of the nuclear

Same number of chromosomes remain

Half the number of chromosomes remain

Homologous chromosomes do not associate

Homologous chromosomes associate

Chiasmata is never formed

Chiasmata may be formed

Crossing over never occurs

Crossing over may occur

Two daughter cells are formed

Four daughter cells formed although in female one is usually functional

Daughter cells are identical to the parents (in absence of mutations)

Daughter cells are genetically different from parental ones

Prophase is shorter

Prolonged and divided into sub-stages

Chromosomes forms a single row at the equator of the spindle fiber

Forms a double row at the equator of the spindle fiber

Similarities between mitosis and meiosis

1.Both process involves the division of the parent cell

  1. In both process the chromosome migrates to the central plane and arrange themselves at the equator of the spindle during metaphase
  2. Cells cycling through interphase of both processes have an accumulation of energy to be used for other stages of division. During this stage there is also duplication of genetic materials and other cytoplasmic organelles
  3. prophase marks the disappearance ofnucleolus and centrioles move to the opposite poles
  4. Both start at the interphase stage

Differences between nuclear division and cell division

1 Nuclear division is the division of the nuclears alone while cell division involves nuclear division and other cellular processes

  1. cell division is proceeded by nuclear division
  2. nuclear division is similar in both plants and animals cells while cell division is different

Disadvantage of cell division

Cell division  may results into formation  and acceleration of Cancer causing cells

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