Course Content
Properties of Matter
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain the three states of matter. 2.Explain phenomenon of surface tension. 3.Explain gas laws.
0/3
Introduction
States Of Matter
Gas Laws
Measurement
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to: 1.State the basic and derived quantities of measurements 2.Describe quantities of measurements 3.State the SI units of quantities of measurements and their sub-multipliers 4.Convert units from one to another
0/4
Introduction
Measurement of Length and Distance
  Measurement of Mass and weight
 Measurement of Volume and Density
Pressure
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to: 1.Define pressure 2.Determine pressure in solids and fluids 3.Explain the type of instruments used in measurement of pressure of gases 4.Explain transmission of presure in liquids
0/2
Introduction
Measuring Pressure
Force
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Define force and its SI units 2.Explain types of force 3.Measure force 4.Work out calculations involving force 5.Explain Hooke’s law
0/3
Force
Friction Force
Centrifugal and Centripetal Force
Hooke’s Law
Hooke's Law  is a law named after 17th century British physicist Robert Hooke, who sought to demonstrate the relationship between the forces applied to a spring and its elasticity.
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Hooke’s Law
Moments
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1. Define moments of a force 2.Explain principles of moments 3.Explain statics , dynamics and kinematics
0/1
Moments
Velocity and Speed
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to : 1.Define speed and velocity 2.Explain types of motion 3.Determine Linear Determine Circular Motion
0/1
Velocity and Speed
Work and Power
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to: 1.Define work and power 2.Work out calculations involving work and power
0/1
Work and Power
Energy
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Define energy 2.Explain forms of energy 3.Explain law of conservation of energy
0/1
Energy
Motion
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Define motion 2.Explain causes of motion 3.Explain types of motion 4.Describe linear and circular motion
0/3
Introduction
Linear Motion 
Circular Motion
Newton’s Laws of Motion
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.State Newton’s laws of motion 2.Explain relationships between mass and inertia 3.Explain significance of Newton’s laws of motion
0/1
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Heat and Heat Transfer
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to 1.Define temperature and heat 2.Describe instruments used to measure temperature 3.Explain modes of heat transfer 4.Explain factors that influence heat transfer 5.Explain heat capacity, specific heat capacity and specific latent heat of substances 6. Work out calorimetric calculations
0/5
Introduction
Instruments Used For Measuring Temperature  
Heat Transfer
Measuring The Quantity Of Heat
Heat and Changes of State
Light
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to: 1.Define light and its properties 2.Explain types of mirrors and lenses 3.Explain reflection and refraction of light 4. Explain the lens formulae
0/10
Introduction
Mirrors
Reflection 
Mirror Equation
Image Formation By Convex Mirror
Refraction Of Light
 Refractive index
Thin Lenses
The lens formula
 Uses of lenses on optical devices
WAVES
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to : 1. Define waves 2.Explain types of waves 3.Explain characteristics and properties of waves 4.Explain rectilinear propagation of waves 5.Describe refraction of waves 6.Describe sound and sound waves
0/6
Introduction
Electromagnetic Wave
Electromagnetic Wave
Properties of Waves
Rectilinear Propagation Of Waves
Sound and Sound Waves
Electrostatics
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to: 1.Define electrostatics 2. Describe the working of electroscopes 3.Describe different methods of charging a body 4.Explain electric fields 5.Describe charge distribution on conductors’ surface 6. Describe capacitors and capacitance
0/5
Introduction
Gold Leaf Electroscope
Electric Fields
Charge Distribution on Conductors’ Surface
Capacitors And Capacitance
Magnetism and Electromagnetism
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Define magnetism 2.Identify magnetic and non- magnetic materials 3.Explain properties of magnets 4.Describe magnetic field patterns 5.Describe making magnets 6.Explain domain theory of magnets 7.Describe magnetic effect of an electric current. 8. Describe electromagnets and electromagnetism 9.Describe electromagnetic induction
0/6
Introduction
Magnetic Field Patterns.
Making Magnets
Magnetic Effect of An Electric Current.
Electromagnetism 
Electromagnetic Induction
Current Electricity
CURRENT ELECTRICITY OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainer should be able to: 1. Define current and electricity 2.Electric potential difference 3.Explain use of a meters, voltmeters and resistors 4.Explain ohm’s law 5. Explain Electromotive force and internal resistance 6.Describe production of electric current 7.Describe simple cells, Leclanche’ cell, dry cells and lea-acid accumulators 8.Describe mains electricity 9.Describe domestic wiring
0/6
Introduction
Electric Potential Difference And Electric Current
Resistors and Resistance
Production Of Electric Current:
Heating Effect Of An Electric Current
Mains Electricity
Electromagnetic Spectrum
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to: 1.Define magnetic spectrum 2. Explain properties of electromagnetic waves 3. Describe applications of electromagnetic radiation
0/2
Introduction
Properties and Application of Electromagnetic Waves
Radioactivity
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1. Define radioactivity 2.Classify radiations 3.Explain the properties of radiation materials 4.Describe nuclear fission and nuclear fusion 5.Describe methods for detecting nuclear radiation 6.Describe activity and half-life of elements 7. Discuss hazards of radioactivity and their precautions 8. Outline the applications of radioactivity
0/4
Introduction
Nuclear Fission
Activity and Half-Life Of Elements
Applications Of Radioactivity
Cathode and X-Rays
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1. Define cathode and X- rays 2.Explain production of cathode and X- ray 3.Explain properties of cathode and X- ray 4.Describe cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) 5. Describe the applications of Cathode and X-rays
0/2
Cathode Rays
X-Rays
Physics Techniques For Science Laboratory Technicians
About Lesson

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INTRODUCTION

Motion is the time rate of change of position of an object.

Kinematics is the branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of an object without reference to the force that caused the motion..

Causes of Motion:

Force is the agent that causes motion. An object moves when a force act on the object.

Effect of Force:

The effect of force that act on an object is either to make the object move or stop moving.

Types of Motion :

1) Random motion :

This is the motion of an object in a random manner or in an irregular direction. The direction of the motion of the object can not be explained. Examples of random motion include:

  1. Motion of particles
  2. Motion of a bee or mosquito
  3. Motion of insect
  4. Brownian motion, etc

2) Translational motion:

This is the movement of a rigid body from one place or point to another without rotation. Each part of the body that undergo the motion follow the same path and remained fixed to one another. Examples of translational motion include:

  • Motion of a car from one point to another
  • Motion of a bee from one flower to another
  • Motion of a animals  from one place to another

    3) Rotation motion :

This is a type of motion whereby all points in then body of the object move in a concentric circles and the central of the circles lie at the same axis of rotation.Examples of rotational motion

  • Rotational motion of the earth
  • Rotational motion of blades of electric fan
  • Rotational motion of car wheel
  • Rotational motion of hands of clock

4) Oscillatory motion:

This is the to and fro motion of an object about a fix point or about its equilibrium position.Examples of oscillatory motions include:

  • To and fro motion of simple pendulum
  • To and fro motion of loaded test tube in water
  • To and fro motion of a mass hanging on spring
  • To and fro motion of a rocking chair
  • To and fro motion of diving board

5) Rectilinear Motion

This is the motion of an object in a straight line.examples of rectilinear motion include:

  • Linear motion of a car
  • Motion of a rocket from one place to another.

6) Spin motion:

This is the rotational motion of an object about a fixed point. Examples of spin motion include:

  • Motion of a cone on its vertex
  • Motion of a pin on its pointed mouth
  • Motion of a pen on its pointed mouth

7) Relative motion:

This is the motion of one object in relation to another. The  two objects may be moving in the same direction or in opposite directions.

It can also be defined as the continuous change of position of an object with respect to another object or to a reference fixed point.

How to find the relative velocity of two:

  • If the two objects are moving in the same direction, you add their velocities to get the relative velocity.
  • If the two objects are moving in opposite directions, you subtract their velocities to get the relative velocity.

 Example 1:

A man sit inside a moving bus that is moving with a speed of 25m/s. If the speed of the man is 12m/s, calculate his velocity relative to the earth when the man walk to the driver at the front, when he walk back to his sit.

Solution :

  • Bus speed = 25m/s
  • Man speed = 12 m/s
  • When the man walk to the front, his speed is increase by the amount of the bus speed.
  • Therefore,
  • Man speed when he walk to the front = man speed + bus speed
  •                                               = 12m/s + 25 m/s = 37 m/s

When the man walk back to his sit, his speed is in the opposite direction to his motion.

Therefore,

Man speed when he walk back to his sit = bus speed – man speed

.                        =  25 m/s – 12 m/s = 13 m/s

Also, we can find the relative velocity of two objects that are moving in a perpendicular directions. We find the relative velocity by drawing a vector triangle. The hypotenuse of the triangle is the relative velocity of the objects.

Example 2:

Two trains travel with velocities 5 m/s and 7 m/s due north and west respectively. Calculate their relative velocity.

Solution:

  • Draw a vector triangle thus
  • The sides of the triangle represent the speed of the trains.
  • While the hypotenuse represent the relative velocity.
  • Use Pythagoras formula to find RV thus
  • Rv2 = 52  + 72
  • RV2 = 25 + 49
  • RV2 = 74
  • RV = √74
  • Relative Velocity = 8.60m/s .

 Remember that the direction of motion of the two objects must be at right angle to one another.

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