Course Content
Properties of Matter
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain the three states of matter. 2.Explain phenomenon of surface tension. 3.Explain gas laws.
0/3
Introduction
States Of Matter
Gas Laws
Measurement
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to: 1.State the basic and derived quantities of measurements 2.Describe quantities of measurements 3.State the SI units of quantities of measurements and their sub-multipliers 4.Convert units from one to another
0/4
Introduction
Measurement of Length and Distance
  Measurement of Mass and weight
 Measurement of Volume and Density
Pressure
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to: 1.Define pressure 2.Determine pressure in solids and fluids 3.Explain the type of instruments used in measurement of pressure of gases 4.Explain transmission of presure in liquids
0/2
Introduction
Measuring Pressure
Force
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Define force and its SI units 2.Explain types of force 3.Measure force 4.Work out calculations involving force 5.Explain Hooke’s law
0/3
Force
Friction Force
Centrifugal and Centripetal Force
Hooke’s Law
Hooke's Law  is a law named after 17th century British physicist Robert Hooke, who sought to demonstrate the relationship between the forces applied to a spring and its elasticity.
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Hooke’s Law
Moments
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1. Define moments of a force 2.Explain principles of moments 3.Explain statics , dynamics and kinematics
0/1
Moments
Velocity and Speed
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to : 1.Define speed and velocity 2.Explain types of motion 3.Determine Linear Determine Circular Motion
0/1
Velocity and Speed
Work and Power
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to: 1.Define work and power 2.Work out calculations involving work and power
0/1
Work and Power
Energy
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Define energy 2.Explain forms of energy 3.Explain law of conservation of energy
0/1
Energy
Motion
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Define motion 2.Explain causes of motion 3.Explain types of motion 4.Describe linear and circular motion
0/3
Introduction
Linear Motion 
Circular Motion
Newton’s Laws of Motion
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.State Newton’s laws of motion 2.Explain relationships between mass and inertia 3.Explain significance of Newton’s laws of motion
0/1
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Heat and Heat Transfer
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to 1.Define temperature and heat 2.Describe instruments used to measure temperature 3.Explain modes of heat transfer 4.Explain factors that influence heat transfer 5.Explain heat capacity, specific heat capacity and specific latent heat of substances 6. Work out calorimetric calculations
0/5
Introduction
Instruments Used For Measuring Temperature  
Heat Transfer
Measuring The Quantity Of Heat
Heat and Changes of State
Light
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to: 1.Define light and its properties 2.Explain types of mirrors and lenses 3.Explain reflection and refraction of light 4. Explain the lens formulae
0/10
Introduction
Mirrors
Reflection 
Mirror Equation
Image Formation By Convex Mirror
Refraction Of Light
 Refractive index
Thin Lenses
The lens formula
 Uses of lenses on optical devices
WAVES
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to : 1. Define waves 2.Explain types of waves 3.Explain characteristics and properties of waves 4.Explain rectilinear propagation of waves 5.Describe refraction of waves 6.Describe sound and sound waves
0/6
Introduction
Electromagnetic Wave
Electromagnetic Wave
Properties of Waves
Rectilinear Propagation Of Waves
Sound and Sound Waves
Electrostatics
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to: 1.Define electrostatics 2. Describe the working of electroscopes 3.Describe different methods of charging a body 4.Explain electric fields 5.Describe charge distribution on conductors’ surface 6. Describe capacitors and capacitance
0/5
Introduction
Gold Leaf Electroscope
Electric Fields
Charge Distribution on Conductors’ Surface
Capacitors And Capacitance
Magnetism and Electromagnetism
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Define magnetism 2.Identify magnetic and non- magnetic materials 3.Explain properties of magnets 4.Describe magnetic field patterns 5.Describe making magnets 6.Explain domain theory of magnets 7.Describe magnetic effect of an electric current. 8. Describe electromagnets and electromagnetism 9.Describe electromagnetic induction
0/6
Introduction
Magnetic Field Patterns.
Making Magnets
Magnetic Effect of An Electric Current.
Electromagnetism 
Electromagnetic Induction
Current Electricity
CURRENT ELECTRICITY OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainer should be able to: 1. Define current and electricity 2.Electric potential difference 3.Explain use of a meters, voltmeters and resistors 4.Explain ohm’s law 5. Explain Electromotive force and internal resistance 6.Describe production of electric current 7.Describe simple cells, Leclanche’ cell, dry cells and lea-acid accumulators 8.Describe mains electricity 9.Describe domestic wiring
0/6
Introduction
Electric Potential Difference And Electric Current
Resistors and Resistance
Production Of Electric Current:
Heating Effect Of An Electric Current
Mains Electricity
Electromagnetic Spectrum
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to: 1.Define magnetic spectrum 2. Explain properties of electromagnetic waves 3. Describe applications of electromagnetic radiation
0/2
Introduction
Properties and Application of Electromagnetic Waves
Radioactivity
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1. Define radioactivity 2.Classify radiations 3.Explain the properties of radiation materials 4.Describe nuclear fission and nuclear fusion 5.Describe methods for detecting nuclear radiation 6.Describe activity and half-life of elements 7. Discuss hazards of radioactivity and their precautions 8. Outline the applications of radioactivity
0/4
Introduction
Nuclear Fission
Activity and Half-Life Of Elements
Applications Of Radioactivity
Cathode and X-Rays
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1. Define cathode and X- rays 2.Explain production of cathode and X- ray 3.Explain properties of cathode and X- ray 4.Describe cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) 5. Describe the applications of Cathode and X-rays
0/2
Cathode Rays
X-Rays
Physics Techniques For Science Laboratory Technicians
About Lesson

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FORCE

Force can also be defined as a push or pull that acts on an object. Force is an agent which change the states of an object. It is an agent which  can either stop a moving object, move an object from rest, or change the direction of its motion.

Force is a vector quantity as it has direction and magnitude.The SI unit for force is Newton (N). It is a vector quantity. It is represented by the following symbol.Force is a vector quantity. The S.I unit of force is newton. Other unit of force is kgm/s2.
Force is based on Newton’s 1st law of motion which states that an object continues to be in a state of rest or move with uniform velocity until an external force acts on it.

Types of Force:
Force is classified into:
1. Gravitational force –this is the force of attraction between two bodies of given masses.

Earth’s gravitational force is the force which pulls a body towards its center. This pull of gravity is called weight.

  1. Force of friction – this is a force which opposes the relative motion of two surfaces in contact with each other. Friction in fluids is known as viscosity.
  2. Tension force – this is the pull or compression of a string or spring at both its ends.
  3. Upthrust force – this is the upward force acting on an object immersed in a fluid.
  4. Cohesive and adhesive forces – cohesive is the force of attraction of molecules of the same kind while adhesive is the force of attraction of molecules of different kinds .
  5. Magnetic force – this is a force which causes attraction or repulsion in a magnet.
  6. Electrostatic force – this is the force of attraction or repulsion of static charges.
  7. Centripetal force – this is a force which constrains a body to move in a circular orbit or path.
  8. Surface tension – this is the force which causes the surface of a liquid to behave like a stretched skin. This force is cohesive.

The equation for force is given by Newton’s 2nd law in which it is stated that the acceleration produced in a moving object is directly proportional to the force acting on it and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

Newton’s 2nd law can be represented as follows:

 it can also be written as

Or in words

Where  F is the force in Newton (N), m is the mass of the object in kg, and  a is the acceleration of the body in m/s2. In other words, as the force acting on an object increases, its acceleration will increase provided the mass remains constant.

What is the acceleration produced on an object with a mass of 10kg when a force of 13N is applied to it?

 We know that,

The resultant force will produce an acceleration of 1.3 m/s2 on the object.

Measuring Force

We use a spring balance to measure force. A spring balance is an instrument that uses the extension of a spring to measure forces.

 Example

The length of a spring is 16.0 cm. its length becomes 20.0 cm when supporting a weight of 5.0 N. calculate the length of the spring when supporting a weight of:

  1. a) 2.5 N
  2. b) 6.0 N
  3. c) 200 N

 Solution

 5N causes an extension of 4.0 cm, therefore 1.0 cm causes an extension of  4 /5 = 0.8 cm.

  • 5 N => 2.5 × 0.8 = 2.0 cm

therefore length becomes

  • = 16.0 + 2.0  = 18.0 cm.
  • 0 N => 6.0 × 0.8 = 4.8 cm

therefore length becomes

  • = 16.0 + 4.8  = 20.8 cm.
  • 200 N => 200 × 0.8 = 160.0 cm

 therefore length becomes

  • = 16.0 + 160.0
  • = 176.0 cm.
  •  

Example

 An astronaut weighs 900 N on earth. On the moon he weighs 150 N. Calculate the moons’ gravitational strength. (Take g = 10 N/kg).

 Solution

 Moons’ gravitational strength = weight of astronaut on the moon / mass of astronaut.

= 150 / 90 = 1.67 Nkg-1

 

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