Course Content
Matter
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to 1.Define matter 2.Explain state of matter 3.Distinguish between physical and chemical changes 4.Explain the gas laws
0/4
Introduction
States of Matter
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
The Gas Laws
Atoms , Elements and Compounds
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to; 1.Define Elements, Compounds and Mixtures 2.Describe the structure of an atom 3.Describe how to determine the Atomic number ,Mass number and Isotopes
0/3
Introduction
Atomic Structure
Atomic Structure of Isotopes
The Periodic Table
OBECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to : 1.State the historical contribution on development of the periodic table 2.Explain the periodic trends of elements and their compounds 3.State the diagonal relationships of the periodic table
0/3
Introduction
Families of the Periodic Table
The Periodic Trends
The S-Block Element
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain the chemistry of group I and II elements 2.State the application of group I and two elements and their compounds
0/4
Introduction
Electronic Configuration of S-Block Elements
Physical Properties of S-Block Elements
Chemical Properties of S-Block Elements
Chemical Bonds
OBJECTIVES By the end of these topic, the trainee should be able to 1.Identify different types of bonds 2.Describe their properties
0/2
Introduction
Types and Properties of Chemical Bonds
Chemical Equilibrium
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to : 1.Define chemical equilibria 2.Explain types of equilibria 3.Determine equilibrium constant 4.Describe factors affecting chemical equilibrium
0/6
Introduction
Measuring Equilibrium Rates
Equilibrium Basics
Types of equilibria
Predicting The Direction of a Reaction
Factors Affecting equilibrium
Introduction To Organic Chemistry
By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to : 1.Explain the aspects of organic chemistry 2.Describe hydrocarbons 3.Classify organic molecules explain chemical reactions of simple organic molecules 4.Explain the properties , synthesis and uses of simple organic molecules
0/10
Introduction
Functional Groups
Alkanes
Alkenes and Alkynes
Alkanols(Alcohols)
HaloAlkanes
Alkanals and Alkanones
Carboxylic Acids
Esters
Amines
Acids, Bases and Salts
OBJECTIVES By the end of this session , the trainee should be able to : 1.State properties of acids and bases 2.Differentiate between strong and weak acids 3.Explain types and properties of salts
0/2
Introduction
Properties Of Acids And Bases
PH Analysis
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Define the term PH 2.Explain the basic theory of PH 3.State the relationship between PH and color change in indicators 4.Explain the term buffer solution 5.Describe the preparation of buffer solutions 6.State the application of buffer solutions
0/5
Introduction
Neutral, acidic and basic solutions
PH and Its Importance
Determination Of PH
Buffer Solutions
Sampling and Sample Preparation
OBJECTIVE By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to : 1.Define the terms used in sample preparation 2.State the importance of sampling 3.Describe the techniques of sampling 4.Describe the procedure for sample pre-treatment 5.State sample storage methods
0/5
Introduction
Types of Samples and Sampling
Sample preparation
Sample Losses During Preparation
Sample Identification and Storage
Separation Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to : 1.Define separation, extraction and purification 2.Describe the separation , extraction and purification techniques 3.Explain the methods of determining purity of substances
0/2
Introduction
Separation Techniques
Heating and Cooling Techniques
OBJECTIVES To identify various techniques used for heating and cooling substances in the laboratory
Heating and Cooling Techniques
OBJECTIVES To identify various techniques used for heating and cooling substances in the laboratory
0/1
Heating and Cooling Techniques used in the lab
Distillation Techniques
By end of this topic, Trainee should be able to : 1. Define distilation 2. State and explain various distillation techniques 3. Outline Various distillation techniques 4. Outline the applications of Distillation techniques
0/3
Introduction
Types of Distillation Techniques 
Distillation and Reflux Condensers
Crystallization Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to: 1.To define crystallization 2.To describe crystallization process 3.To carry out crystallization procedure
0/1
Crystallization Technique
Solvent Extraction Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to 1.Define solvent extraction 2.Explain terms used in solvent extraction 3.Describe methods of solvent extraction 4.Describe selection of appropriate solvents for solvent extraction 5.Determine distribution ration 6.Outline factors actors influencing the extraction efficiency 7.Describe Soxhlet extraction
0/1
Introduction
Chromatography Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the learner should be able to: 1.Define chromatography techniques 2.Explain terms used in chromatography techniques 3.Describe principles of chromatography techniques 4.Explain types of chromatography techniques 5.Carry out chromatography experiments 6.Determine RF factor 7.Outline electrophoresis
0/6
Introduction to Chromatography Techniques
Types of Chromatography Techniques
Thin Layer Chromatography
Column Chromatography
Retardation Factor (Rf)
Gas-Liquid Chromatography
Titrimetric Analysis
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Define terms used in titrimetric analysis 2.Describe types of titrimetric analysis 3.Balance chemical reactions 4.Work out calculations involved in titrimetric analysis
0/6
Introduction
Requirements For Titrimetric Analysis
Titration procedure:
Molarity
Apparatus for titrimetric analysis
Classification Of Reactions In Titrimetrlc Analysis
Redox Titration
Redox Titration is a laboratory method of determining the concentration of a given analyte by causing a redox reaction between the titrant and the analyte. Redox titration is based on an oxidation-reduction reaction between the titrant and the analyte. It is one of the most common laboratory methods used to identify the concentration of unknown analytes. Redox reactions involve both oxidation and reduction. The key features of reduction and oxidation are discussed below.
0/5
Introduction
The oxidation number 
Balancing Redox Reactions
Examples Of Redox Titration
Standardization of Redox solutions
Complexiometric Titration
omplexometric Titration or chelatometry is a type of volumetric analysis wherein the colored complex is used to determine the endpoint of the titration. The method is particularly useful for determination of the exact number of a mixture of different metal ions, especially calcium and magnesium ions present in water in solution .
0/5
Introduction to Complexiometric Titration
EDTA titration
Types of EDTA titrations
EDTA titration experiment 
Mechanism of action of indicator:
Gravimetric Analysis
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Define gravimetric analysis 2.Describe the principles of gravimetric analysis 3.Describe the steps involved in gravimetric analysis 4.Explain factors affecting gravimetric analysis 5.Describe the equipments and apparatus used in gravimetric analysis 6.Carry out gravimetric analysis
0/8
Introduction
Principles Of Gravimetric Analysis
Determination of Mass in gravimetric analysis
Factors Affecting Separation Of Metals And Compounds
Preparation of pure precipitates
Example of gravimetric Analysis
Gravimetric Calculations
Draft Lesson
Calorimetric Analysis
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Define terms and units used in thermochemistry 2.Determine enthalpy changes in chemical reactions 3.Determine heat capacity and specific heat capacity 4.Compare calorific values of different materials 5.Determine different heat reactions 6.Apply law of conservation of energy and Hess law in thermochemical calculations
0/4
Introduction
Calorimetry
Heat Capacity
Enthalpy of Phase Transitions
Chemistry Techniques for Science Laboratory Technicians
About Lesson

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Chromatography Techniques 

Chromatography is a separation technique used to separate the different components in a liquid mixture. The term chromatography literally means color writing, and denotes a method by which the sample A being dissolved in a particular solvent called mobile phase. The mobile phase may be a gas or liquid. The mobile phase is then passed through another phase called stationary phase.

e The mobile phase of chromatography refers to the fluid that carries the mixture of substances in the sample through the adsorptive material. The stationary or adsorbent phase refers to the solid material that takes up the particles of the substance passing through it. Kaolin, alumina, silica, and activated charcoal have been used as adsorbing substances or stationary phases.

The various components of the substance move through the adsorbent at different rates of speed, according to their degree of attraction to it, and producing bands of color at different levels of the adsorption column. The various components of the mixture travel at different speeds, causing them to separate.

There are different types of chromatographic techniques such as column chromatography, TLC, paper chromatography, and gas chromatography

Chromatography  was introduced by a Russian Scientist Michael Tswett. The technique is a valuable tool for the research biochemist and is readily adaptable to investigations conducted in the clinical laboratory. For example, chromatography is used to detect and identify in body fluids certain sugars and amino acids associated with inborn errors of metabolism.

Chromatography Terms

The analyte is the substance that is to be separated during chromatography.

Analytical chromatography is used to determine the existence and possibly also the concentration of analyte(s) in a sample.

A bonded phase is a stationary phase that is covalently bonded to the support particles or to the inside wall of the column tubing.

A chromatogram is the visual output of the chromatograph. In the case of an optimal separation, different peaks or patterns on the chromatogram correspond to different components of the separated mixture.

A chromatograph is equipment that enables a sophisticated separation e.g. gas chromatographic or liquid chromatographic separation.

Chromatography is a physical method of separation in which the components to be separated are distributed between two phases, one of which is stationary (stationary phase) while the other (the mobile phase) moves in a definite direction.

The eluent is the mobile phase leaving the column.

An immobilized phase is a stationary phase which is immobilized on the support particles, or on the inner wall of the column tubing.

The mobile phase is the phase which moves in a definite direction. It may be a liquid (LC and CEC), a gas (GC), or a supercritical fluid (supercritical-fluid chromatography, SFC). A better definition: The mobile phase consists of the sample being separated/analyzed and the solvent that moves the sample through the column. In one case of HPLC the solvent consists of a carbonate/bicarbonate solution and the sample is the anions being separated. The mobile phase moves through the chromatography column (the stationary phase) where the sample interacts with the stationary phase and is separated.

Preparative chromatography is used to purify sufficient quantities of a substance for further use, rather than analysis.

  • The retention time is the characteristic time it takes for a particular analyte to pass through the system (from the column inlet to the detector) under set conditions.
  • The sample is the matter analysed in chromatography. It may consist of a single component or it may be a mixture of components. When the sample is treated in the course of an analysis, the phase or the phases containing the analytes of interest is/are referred to as the sample whereas everything out of interest separated from the sample before or in the course of the analysis is referred to as waste.
  • The solute refers to the sample components in partition chromatography.
  • The solvent refers to any substance capable of solubilizing other substance, and especially the liquid mobile phase in LC.
  • The stationary phase is the substance which is fixed in place for the chromatography procedure. Examples include the silica layer in Thin layer chromatography
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