General Laboratory Housekeeping – SmartStudent Academy

“GMP” is Good Manufacturing Practices, and “GLP” is Good Laboratory Practices.
Both the GMP and the GLP are regulations that govern operations in the laboratories
While the Good Laboratory Practices is applied for non-clinical laboratory studies, the Good Manufacturing Practices is applied for products that are developed for clinical use .
The areas that come under the Good Laboratory Practices are: personnel and organizational, testing facilities, equipment, testing and controls, records, reports, and protocol for and conduct of non-clinical labs.
The areas that come under GMP are: facilities and buildings, equipment, production, process control, packaging and labeling, laboratory controls, and returned/salvaged drug products.

Describe roles of a safety officer in a laboratory

Ensure the maintenance of group safety equipment such as spill control kits, first aid kits, and eyewash facilities. waste is being collected and tagged properly. a n d o t h e r s a f e t y requirements and setting a good example for their peers.

Explain the importance of laboratory safety rules

Lab safety is important because it keeps people from getting severely injured.
Proper lab rules are important because they keep people from getting hurt.
Lab safety is rules that are used in every lab to keep everyone safe.
If you do not follow the lab safety rules then you could get hurt

State four good laboratory habits.

Always putting on and using appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment
There must be clear aisles and exit paths
No eating, drinking, or smoking in the lab. If you need to eat/drink, please do so outside the lab.
Before you leave the lab, wash your hands.

Explain four causes of accidents in the laboratory.

Poor or careless handling of hand tools also inadequate lighting/ventilation
Fall on hard or slippery floor, on sharp objects or heavy objects falling on a person
Careless handling , storage or transportation of chemicals or lab animals
Lack of or improper use appropriate personal protective equipment’s

State any four causes of explosions in the laboratory

Many commonly used substances can cause explosions. For example, common flammable gases such as gas, vapors of flammable liquids, vessels with pressure difference, and reagents commonly used in laboratories such as nitric acid may be initiators of explosion accidents.

Give for reasons for prohibiting smoking in the laboratory

Smoking is prohibited in laboratories as

there are areas containing considerable quantities of flammable chemicals and therefore there is a high risk of fire.
is one of the basic good hygiene practices.
These practices protect people in laboratories from ingesting toxic chemicals or infectious material

Outline safety measures during laboratory work

Know locations of laboratory safety showers, eyewash stations, and fire extinguishers.
Know emergency exit routes.
Avoid skin and eye contact with chemicals
Minimize all chemical exposures.
No horseplay will be tolerated.
Assume that all chemicals of unknown toxicity are highly toxic.
Post warning signs when unusual hazards, hazardous materials, hazardous equipment, or other special conditions are present.
Avoid distracting or startling persons working in the laboratory.
Use equipment only for its designated purpose
All laboratory personnel should place emphasis on safety and chemical hygiene at all times.
Never leave containers of chemicals open.
All containers must have appropriate labels. Unlabeled chemicals should never be used.
Do not taste or intentionally sniff chemicals.
Do not use mouth suction for pipetting or starting a siphon.
Wash exposed areas of the skin prior to leaving the laboratory.
Long hair and lose clothing must be pulled back and secured from entanglement or potential capture.
Closed-toe shoes must be worn at all times in the laboratory. Perforated shoes or sandals are not appropriate.
Determine the potential hazards and appropriate safety precautions before beginning any work.
Procedures should be developed that minimize the formation and dispersion of aerosols.
Do not pour chemicals down drains, and do not utilize the sewer for chemical waste disposal.
Keep all sink traps (including cup sink traps and floor drains) filled with water by running water down the drain at least monthly.
Perform work with hazardous chemicals in a properly working fume hood to reduce potential exposures.
Avoid working along in a building. Do not work alone in a laboratory if the procedures being conducted are hazardous.
Laboratory employees should have access to a chemical inventory list, applicable safety data sheets (SDS), departmental laboratory safety manual, and relevant standard operating procedures.
Access to laboratories and support areas such as stockrooms or specialized laboratories should be limited to approved personnel only.
All equipment should be regularly inspected for wear or deterioration.
Equipment should be maintained according to the manufacturer’s requirements and records of certification, maintenance, or repairs should be maintained for the life of the equipment.
Designated and well-marked waste storage locations are necessary.
No cell phone or ear bud usage is allowed in the active portion of the laboratories or during experimental operations.
Clothing made of synthetic fibers should not be worn while working with flammable liquids or when a hazard is present as these materials tend to melt and stick to exposed skin.
Laboratory coats should not be stored in offices or break rooms as this spreads contaminates to other areas.
Avoid wearing jewelry in the lab as this can post multiple safety hazards.

State the safe ways of
- Carrying Winchester bottles

Carrying them while holding their neck and the bottom base

(ii) Transferring a small quantity of chemicals from a large container into a small container

Putting on adequate protective clothing e.g. gloves and Using a small mug and funnel to pour the chemical little by little until the required amount if transferred

Storing poisonous chemicals

Storing them under lock and key and taking records of their consumption in the lab.

Inserting glass tubbing into cork

Putting own appropriate gloves and avoid using excessive force when inserting glass tubing into cork

Describe any four safety work practices with glassware

When working with glassware in a laboratory setting, it is important to follow safety work practices to prevent accidents, injuries, and contamination. Here are four safety work practices to consider when handling glassware:

Proper Handling and Storage: Handle glassware with care to avoid breakage or cuts. When picking up or moving glassware, ensure that your hands are dry and free from grease or oil. Always use appropriate protective equipment, such as gloves and safety goggles, when handling glassware to protect yourself from potential injuries. Store glassware in designated areas, preferably in sturdy cabinets or racks, to prevent breakage and minimize the risk of falling or causing accidents.
Inspection for Damage or Defects: Before using glassware, inspect it for any visible damage, defects, or cracks. Do not use chipped, cracked, or compromised glassware, as it may break during use and cause injuries or contamination. Dispose of damaged glassware appropriately and replace it with new, intact pieces.
Proper Cleaning and Drying: Thoroughly clean glassware before and after use to remove any residues or contaminants. Use appropriate cleaning agents and techniques, such as using a brush or detergent, to ensure effective cleaning. Rinse glassware with water multiple times to remove any traces of cleaning agents. After cleaning, allow the glassware to air dry or use lint-free cloths to dry them, avoiding any contact with your bare hands to prevent fingerprints or potential cuts from broken glass.
Safe Handling of Hot Glassware: When working with hot glassware, take precautions to avoid burns and thermal shock. Use proper heat-resistant gloves or tongs to handle hot glassware. Gradually heat or cool glassware to minimize the risk of thermal stress, which can cause cracks or breakage. Avoid sudden temperature changes, such as placing hot glassware directly on a cold surface or immersing it in cold water. Additionally, use appropriate insulating materials, such as cork rings or wire gauze, to handle hot glassware safely.

Give two reasons why lift are least preferred as a fire escape route in a building

Lifts (elevators) are generally not preferred as a primary fire escape route in buildings for the following reasons:

Fire Safety Hazards: In the event of a fire, lifts can pose significant fire safety hazards. Fires can cause power outages, leading to a loss of electricity supply to the lifts. If occupants become trapped in a lift during a fire, they could be exposed to smoke, heat, and toxic gases. Additionally, the lift shafts can act as a vertical chimney, allowing fire and smoke to spread rapidly through the building.
Mechanical Failure and Entrapment Risks: Lifts are complex mechanical systems that are prone to malfunctions or breakdowns. During a fire emergency, lifts may experience system failures or become disabled, potentially trapping occupants inside. This can lead to prolonged entrapment and hinder evacuation efforts.

Due to these risks, it is generally recommended to avoid using lifts as the primary means of escape during a fire. Instead, dedicated fire escape routes, such as staircases, are preferred as they are designed to provide a safe and reliable means of evacuation. Staircases are typically constructed with fire-resistant materials, have sufficient width and capacity, and are equipped with fire-rated doors to prevent the spread of fire and smoke. They also allow occupants to move quickly and safely to ground level or designated fire assembly points.

Explain four effects of exposure to aesthetic agents in the laboratory

Exposure to aesthetic agents, also known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), in the laboratory can have various effects on individuals’ health and well-being. Here are four common effects of exposure to aesthetic agents in the laboratory:

Respiratory Irritation: Aesthetic agents can cause irritation of the respiratory system, leading to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and throat or nasal irritation. Prolonged or repeated exposure to high levels of VOCs can contribute to the development or exacerbation of respiratory conditions, such as asthma or bronchitis.
Eye and Skin Irritation: Contact with aesthetic agents can result in eye and skin irritation. Individuals may experience redness, itching, burning sensation, or dryness in the eyes or on the skin upon exposure. Direct contact with concentrated aesthetic agents or prolonged exposure to low levels can lead to dermatitis or other skin conditions.
Neurological Effects: Certain aesthetic agents, such as solvents and some volatile chemicals, can have neurological effects when inhaled or absorbed by the body. These effects can include headaches, dizziness, nausea, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and even neurological damage in severe cases. Prolonged exposure to high levels of certain VOCs may increase the risk of long-term neurological disorders.

Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may develop allergic reactions to specific aesthetic agents, leading to symptoms such as sneezing, congestion, skin rashes, or hives. These allergic responses can vary in severity, from mild discomfort to severe allergic reactions requiring immediate medical attention.

It is important to note that the specific effects of exposure to aesthetic agents can vary depending on the chemical composition of the agents, concentration levels, duration of exposure, and individual sensitivity. Minimizing exposure to aesthetic agents through proper ventilation, personal protective equipment (PPE), and adherence to safety protocols and guidelines is crucial for maintaining a healthy and safe laboratory environment. Regular monitoring of air quality and implementing appropriate control measures can help mitigate the risks associated with aesthetic agent exposure.

Discuss safety with respect to
1. Storage of gas cylinders

Cylinders must be kept cool, and should be protected from sunlight, rain, frost, wet soil and corrosive conditions. If cylinders have to stand in the open, they should be protected from the rays of the sun.

Valves and fitting of gas cylinders

Carefully open all valves, slowly, pointed away from you and others, using the proper tools. Close all valves when cylinders are not in use. Never tamper with safety devices in cylinders, valves or equipment. Do not allow flames to contact cylinders and do not strike an electric arc on cylinders.

Working alone in the lab can be very hazardous under most circumstances. Describe some of the laboratory situations under which you should never work alone.
- Never work alone in a laboratory unless assistance is close at hand and others are aware of your presence.
- Definitely never work alone when working with the following:
- High energy materials or high pressures
- Quick-acting, highly toxic materials (e.g. HCN)
- Transfer of flammable material except in small quantities
- Experimental research or laboratory procedures where previous experience has shown the desirability of having assistance available.
Describe the personal safety precautions when in the laboratory

Never taste, drink, eat or chew , smoke or sniff Food wile in the laboratory
Wear Your PPE and Proper Lab Attire
Ensure Good Hygiene by Washing hands after handling any hazardous materials, before and after eating, and before leaving the lab. Also by Keeping personal items separate from lab work.
Use Proper Storage Containers
Label Your Work Space, containers ,prepared solution and reagents
Don’t Work Alone
Stay Focused and Aware of Your Surroundings
Work with purpose. When working with hazardous material it is critical that you focus on what you are doing and try to eliminate distractions.
Participate in Safety Exercises
Ensure all lab members are familiar with the lab’s safety equipment. Also Know how to get out of your building and where to go after and evacuation.
Organize or attend regular evacuation drill.

Why should pipetting never be done by mouth?

Pipetting by mouth is extremely hazardous both from the possibility of drawing liquids into the body and from drawing vapors into the mouth which can get absorbed into the body.

Food in a chemical area is a most serious violation of safe laboratory practice. Outline the problems and steps to avoid this difficulty.

Eating, drinking and smoking are never allowed in a chemical area as accidental ingestion of dangerous chemicals can result from contamination by airborne dust, unclean surfaces and vapors which may be harmful if inhaled through cigarette (CH2Cl2 is normally not a serious hazard but will generate phosgene and HCl with the aid of a cigarette). Areas where food is to be consumed or stored must be clearly labeled as non-chemical areas and laboratory reagents and chemicals kept clear of this space. Eating in the laboratory is not allowed and food should never be stored in a chemical refrigerator.

Broken glassware poses a serious threat to your laboratory safety. Frequently, people are cut by broken drip tips on funnels or by glass tubing which has not been fire polished. What precautions should you take in this regard?

Broken glassware must be repaired immediately so that there are no exposed sharp edges. When cleaning up broken glassware be sure to use protective leather gloves. In some cases broken glassware should never be handled directly (e.g., a broken flask which contained ethanolic KCN). Such equipment should be cautiously swept into a dustpan or similar equipment. A clean and neat bench reduces the likelihood of breakage. Unusable broken glassware or pipettes should be collected in a labeled glass waste disposal box. When full, notify your maintenance cleaning person for disposal.

The clothing you wear in the laboratory is a factor which will influence your safety. Outline the do’s and don’ts of the clothing worn in a chemical laboratory.

Loose clothing should not be worn since it may be accidentally exposed to chemical contact or become caught in machinery. It also presents a greater fire hazard. Long hair can also be a problem by easily catching fire or becoming entangled in equipment. Skimpy clothing will offer little protection in the event of a chemical spill or splash. Shoes must be worn at all times. Perforated shoes or sandals should not be worn in lab.
Synthetic clothing material (i.e. nylon, dacron, etc.) should not be worn since it will “melt” upon contact with acid and some chemicals. The “melted” synthetic fabric and chemicals trapped in it could adhere to the skin and are likely to increase the severity of the chemical burns.

Flooding caused by plugged sinks and by carelessness in unattended water use has caused major damage to research equipment, flooring furniture, and project records on both the flooded floor and floors below. In addition to physical damage, the standing water creates potential hazards of electrical shock and slippery surfaces. List six measures that can be taken to minimize the chance of flooding.

Use a water line with a regulator on it for all unattended water use.
Replace tubing before it becomes decomposed or brittle.
Don’t use pure gum rubber tubing for water lines.
Secure all tubing connections with wire or clamps.
Use locking quick disconnects where needed or secure non- locking quick disconnects with clips to hold them together.
Make sure that there are no objects or debris in the sinks that could restrict flow down the drains.

Describe the required procedures for use, storage, and disposal of hypodermic syringes and/or needles.
- Every user shall maintain a fully current record of all syringes and needles. Includes type, size, number, date of disposal and name of person using and disposing them.
- Hypodermic syringes and needles shall be stored in a locked, secure place when not in use.
- Red plastic sharps containers should be provided for appropriate disposal of syringes and needles. Needles and syringes must never be disposed of in waste baskets or dumpsters.

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