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Ultraviolet Light (Germicidal Lamps)
The light (approximately 260 nm wavelength) emitted by UV lamps is germicidal, and can be used to reduce the number of pathogenic microorganisms on exposed surfaces and in air.
However, UV light has poor penetrating power; accumulations of dust, dirt, grease or clumps of microorganisms may shield microorganisms from the direct exposure required for destruction.
UV light presents skin and eye burn hazard, and factors such as lamp age and poor maintenance can reduce performance.
Membrane filtration:
This involves physically removal of particulates (e.g., microorganisms) from heat-sensitive pharmaceutical and biological fluids. The size of the particles removed is determined by the pore size of the filter membrane.