Course Content
Matter
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to 1.Define matter 2.Explain state of matter 3.Distinguish between physical and chemical changes 4.Explain the gas laws
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Atoms , Elements and Compounds
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to; 1.Define Elements, Compounds and Mixtures 2.Describe the structure of an atom 3.Describe how to determine the Atomic number ,Mass number and Isotopes
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The Periodic Table
OBECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to : 1.State the historical contribution on development of the periodic table 2.Explain the periodic trends of elements and their compounds 3.State the diagonal relationships of the periodic table
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The S-Block Element
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Explain the chemistry of group I and II elements 2.State the application of group I and two elements and their compounds
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Chemical Bonds
OBJECTIVES By the end of these topic, the trainee should be able to 1.Identify different types of bonds 2.Describe their properties
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Chemical Equilibrium
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to : 1.Define chemical equilibria 2.Explain types of equilibria 3.Determine equilibrium constant 4.Describe factors affecting chemical equilibrium
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Introduction To Organic Chemistry
By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to : 1.Explain the aspects of organic chemistry 2.Describe hydrocarbons 3.Classify organic molecules explain chemical reactions of simple organic molecules 4.Explain the properties , synthesis and uses of simple organic molecules
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Acids, Bases and Salts
OBJECTIVES By the end of this session , the trainee should be able to : 1.State properties of acids and bases 2.Differentiate between strong and weak acids 3.Explain types and properties of salts
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PH Analysis
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Define the term PH 2.Explain the basic theory of PH 3.State the relationship between PH and color change in indicators 4.Explain the term buffer solution 5.Describe the preparation of buffer solutions 6.State the application of buffer solutions
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Sampling and Sample Preparation
OBJECTIVE By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to : 1.Define the terms used in sample preparation 2.State the importance of sampling 3.Describe the techniques of sampling 4.Describe the procedure for sample pre-treatment 5.State sample storage methods
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Separation Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic , the trainee should be able to : 1.Define separation, extraction and purification 2.Describe the separation , extraction and purification techniques 3.Explain the methods of determining purity of substances
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Heating and Cooling Techniques
OBJECTIVES To identify various techniques used for heating and cooling substances in the laboratory
Heating and Cooling Techniques
OBJECTIVES To identify various techniques used for heating and cooling substances in the laboratory
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Distillation Techniques
By end of this topic, Trainee should be able to : 1. Define distilation 2. State and explain various distillation techniques 3. Outline Various distillation techniques 4. Outline the applications of Distillation techniques
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Crystallization Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to: 1.To define crystallization 2.To describe crystallization process 3.To carry out crystallization procedure
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Solvent Extraction Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to 1.Define solvent extraction 2.Explain terms used in solvent extraction 3.Describe methods of solvent extraction 4.Describe selection of appropriate solvents for solvent extraction 5.Determine distribution ration 6.Outline factors actors influencing the extraction efficiency 7.Describe Soxhlet extraction
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Chromatography Techniques
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the learner should be able to: 1.Define chromatography techniques 2.Explain terms used in chromatography techniques 3.Describe principles of chromatography techniques 4.Explain types of chromatography techniques 5.Carry out chromatography experiments 6.Determine RF factor 7.Outline electrophoresis
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Titrimetric Analysis
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Define terms used in titrimetric analysis 2.Describe types of titrimetric analysis 3.Balance chemical reactions 4.Work out calculations involved in titrimetric analysis
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Redox Titration
Redox Titration is a laboratory method of determining the concentration of a given analyte by causing a redox reaction between the titrant and the analyte. Redox titration is based on an oxidation-reduction reaction between the titrant and the analyte. It is one of the most common laboratory methods used to identify the concentration of unknown analytes. Redox reactions involve both oxidation and reduction. The key features of reduction and oxidation are discussed below.
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Complexiometric Titration
omplexometric Titration or chelatometry is a type of volumetric analysis wherein the colored complex is used to determine the endpoint of the titration. The method is particularly useful for determination of the exact number of a mixture of different metal ions, especially calcium and magnesium ions present in water in solution .
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Gravimetric Analysis
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Define gravimetric analysis 2.Describe the principles of gravimetric analysis 3.Describe the steps involved in gravimetric analysis 4.Explain factors affecting gravimetric analysis 5.Describe the equipments and apparatus used in gravimetric analysis 6.Carry out gravimetric analysis
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Calorimetric Analysis
OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, the trainee should be able to: 1.Define terms and units used in thermochemistry 2.Determine enthalpy changes in chemical reactions 3.Determine heat capacity and specific heat capacity 4.Compare calorific values of different materials 5.Determine different heat reactions 6.Apply law of conservation of energy and Hess law in thermochemical calculations
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Chemistry Techniques for Science Laboratory Technicians
About Lesson

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Gravimetric Analysis 

Gravimetric methods are quantitative methods through which the amount of an analyte (the ion being analyzed) can be determined through the measurement of mass. Gravimetric analyses depend on comparing the masses of two compounds containing the analyte. 

The principle behind gravimetric analysis is that the mass of an ion in a pure compound can be determined and then used to find the mass percent of the same ion in a known quantity of an impure compound. In order for the analysis to be accurate, certain conditions must be met:

  1. The ion being analyzed must be completely precipitated.
  2. The precipitate must be a pure compound.
  3. The precipitate must be easily filtered.

Since weight can be measured with greater accuracy than almost any other fundamental property, gravimetric analysis is potentially one of the most accurate classes of analytical methods .

Types of Gravimetric Analysis

There are 4 fundamental types of gravimetric analysis. Of which, there are 2 common types involving changes in the phase of the analyte to separate it from the rest of a mixture, resulting in a change in mass.

  1. Volatilization gravimetry

Volatilization Gravimetry involves separating components of our mixture by heating or chemically decomposing the sample.

  1. Precipitation gravimetry

Precipitation Gravimetry uses a precipitation reaction to separate one or more parts of a solution by incorporating it into a solid.

  1. Electrogravimetry

Electrogravimetry is a method used to separate and quantify ions of a substance, usually a metal.

  1. Thermogravimetric

Thermogravimetric is a method of thermal analysis in which changes in physical and chemical properties of materials are measured as a function of increasing temperature or as a function of time.

Advantages Of Gravimetric Analysis 

The advantages offered by gravimetric analysis are:

(a) it is accurate and precise when using modern analytical balances;

(b) possible sources of error are readily checked, since filtrates can be tested for completeness of precipitation and precipitates may be examined for the presence of impurities;

 (c) it has the important advantage of being an absolute method, i.e. one involving direct measurement without any form of calibration being required;

(d) determinations can be carried out with relatively inexpensive apparatus, the most expensive requirements being a muffle furnace and, in some cases, platinum crucibles..

Disadvantages of Gravimetric Analysis

Gravimetric analysis is lengthy and tedious as a result, only a very few gravimetric methods are currently used.

It usually provides only for the analysis of a single element, or a limited group of elements, at a time. Comparing modern dynamic flash combustion coupled with gas chromatography with traditional combustion analysis.

overall, Gravimetric analysis offers several advantages, including high accuracy, good precision, and relatively simple instrumentation. It is commonly used for the determination of various analytes, including metals, ions, and organic compounds.The accuracy and precision of gravimetric analysis depend on the careful execution of each step, including proper sample preparation, precise separation of the precipitate, thorough washing, complete drying, and accurate weighing.

The technique is widely used for the determination of various analytes, including metals, ions, and organic compounds, in different types of samples. Gravimetric analysis offers high accuracy and good precision when performed correctly and is often considered a reference method for quantitative analysis.

However, gravimetric analysis  may also be a time-consuming technique compared to other analytical methods. 

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